Recapitulación. Centenario de la Academia Nacional de Medicina en 1973 / Recap. Centennial of the National Academy of Medicine in 1973.

En la ciudad de Bogotá a los 23 días del mes de agosto de 1973 se reunió en Sesión Solemne la Academia Nacional de Medicina en el Salón de Actos de la Academia Colombiana de la Lengua, para conmemorar el Primer Centenario de su Fundación (1873-1973). La Mesa Directiva estuvo integrada por el Señor Presidente de la República, Dr Misael Pastrana Borrero; los Académicos Juan Pablo Llinás, Presidente; Jorge Cavelier, Presidente Honorario; Mario Gaitán Yanguas, Vicepresidente; Julio Araújo Cuéllar, Secretario; Alberto Albornoz Plata, Tesorero y César A. Pantoja, Presidente del Comité Organizador del Centenario, acompañados por los Ministros de Salud Pública y Educación, Doctores José María Salazar Buchelli y Juan Jacobo Muñoz; El Gobernador de Cundinamarca, Doctor Alfonso Dávila Ortiz; el Alcalde Mayor de la ciudad doctor Aníbal Fernández de Soto; el Expresidente de la República Doctor Julio César Turbay Ayala; los doctores Eduardo Guzmán Esponda y Joaquín Piñeros Corpas, Presidente y Secretario Ejecutivo del Colegio Máximo de las Academias; el doctor Germán Zea Hernández y el doctor Armando Roa de Chile, Representante de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Academias Nacionales de Medicina (ALANAM).

Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, forjador de la psiquiatría moderna en México y Latinoamérica. En el centenario de su nacimiento / Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, builder of modern psychiatry in Mexico and Latin America. On the centenary of his birth

Resumen Este 2021 se cumple el centenario del natalicio del doctor Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (1921-2006), universitario y creador de instituciones. En esta breve comunicación, sin la pretensión de ser una biografía, proponemos conmemorar dicho acontecimiento, con un recuento juicioso y objetivo de los aspectos más sobresalientes de su vida y obra.

Abstract This 2021 marks the centenary of Dr. Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (1921-2006) birth, a prominent member of our University and creator of institutions. In this brief communication, without pretending for it to be a biography, we will try to commemorate this event, with a judicious and objective account of the most outstanding aspects of his life and work.

Fractura de cadera y artroplastia en adulta mayor centenaria. Reporte de caso y revisión de literatura / Hip fracture and arthroplasty in centenary elderly. Case report and literature review

La fractura de cadera es una patología cuya incidencia ha aumentado drásticamente en proporción al aumento de la población adulta mayor. En los últimos años, los longevos superan los 100 años y son ellos quienes mayoritariamente presentan esta urgencia trauma-tológica, que casi en la totalidad de los casos se presenta posterior a caídas de bajo impacto y requieren resolución quirúrgica. A continuación, se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina centenaria con fractura de cadera que fue sometida a manejo quirúrgico con posterior recuperación funcional parcial. Se resalta que la edad no es una contraindicación quirúrgica.

Hip fracture is a pathology whose incidence has increased dramatically accordingly with population aging. In recent years, the long-lived have exceeded 100 years. They are who mostly present this traumatic emergency, which almost in all cases occurs after low-impact falls and requires surgical resolution.We expose the case of a centennial female patient presenting with a hip fracture and undergoing surgical orthopaedic repair. She had a partial functional recovery. Our review shows that age is not a surgical contraindication.

Ansiedad, depresión y sobrecarga en cuidadores de adultos centenarios / Anxiety, depression and work overload in centenarian adults caregivers

Introducción: La asistencia y atención de los adultos centenarios exige las funciones del cuidador principal, que, siendo miembro de la familia o no, asume la responsabilidad del cuidado. Esta actividad posee amplias repercusiones para la salud y bienestar de quien asume el rol, en tanto supone una situación de estrés que incrementa el riesgo de padecer dificultades emocionales. Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de ansiedad, depresión y sobrecarga en cuidadores principales de adultos centenarios. Métodos: Se utilizó un diseño no experimental transversal con alcance exploratorio-descriptivo. La selección de la muestra fue no probabilística o dirigida y quedó conformada por 30 cuidadores principales de adultos centenarios. Se emplearon como técnicas la entrevista, el Inventario de ansiedad rasgo-estado (IDARE), el Inventario de depresión rasgo-estado (IDERE) y la Escala de Zarit. Resultados: Se identificó en los cuidadores un predominio del género femenino en el ejercicio del rol con un rango de edad entre los 53 a 78 años. Se evidenciaron niveles medios en la ansiedad como rasgo y en la ansiedad como estado, aunque no se determinaron diferencias significativas entre los niveles altos y medios de la ansiedad como estado. Se constataron elevados niveles de depresión como estado en los cuidadores no existiendo diferencias significativas entre los niveles altos, medios y bajos de depresión como rasgo. Para la muestra de estudio no se evidencia sobrecarga en el 86,7 por ciento de los cuidadores principales en relación con el ejercicio del rol. Conclusiones: Los cuidadores principales no se perciben sobrecargados y experimentan niveles medios de ansiedad ante situaciones puntuales y generales. Los niveles de la depresión rasgo no presentan diferencias significativas, mientras que la depresión estado manifiesta niveles altos(AU)

Introduction: The care and attention of centenarian adults requires the functions of a primary caregiver, who, being a member of the family or not, assumes that responsibility. It has wide repercussions on the health and well-being of the one who assumes the caring role as well as supposes a situation of stress that increases the risk of suffering emotional difficulties. Objective: To determine levels of anxiety, depression and overload in primary caregivers of centenarian adults. Methods: A non-experimental cross-sectional design with exploratory-descriptive scope. The selection of the sample was non-probabilistic nor directed, is conformed by 30 main caregivers of centenarian adults. The main techniques applied were interviews, the trait-state anxiety inventory (IDARE), the trait-state depression inventory (IDERE) and Zarit's scale. Results: A predominance of the female gender in the exercise of the role was identified in the caregivers with a range between 53 and 78 years old. It were determined average levels of anxiety as a trait and state, although no significant differences were found between the high and medium levels of anxiety as a state. There were high levels of depression as a condition in the caregivers, but no significant differences between the high, medium and low levels of depression as a trait. In this study sample, the 86.7 percent of caregivers does not presents work overload in relation to the exercise of their role. Conclusions: Primary caregivers are not perceived as overloaded and experience average levels of anxiety in specific and general situations. The levels of the depression trait do not present significant differences whereas the depression state showed high levels(AU)

Medalla conmemorativa del centenario de la Escuela Médico Militar / Commemorative medal of the Military Medical School centenary

Resumen Se presenta la descripción de la medalla conmemorativa del centenario de la Escuela Médico Militar.

Abstract A description of the commemorative medal of the centenary of the Military Medical School is presented.

Functional capacity and level of physical activity in centenarians of florianópolis, brazil / Functional capacity and level of physical activity in centenarians of florianópolis, brazil

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the level of physical activity and functional capacity of centenarians from Florianopolis, Brazil. To measure the level of physical activity and functional capacity, pedometer and the Katz scale, respectively, were used. Study participants were 23 centenarians (101.7 ± 2.0 years). The results shown an average of 641.23 (SD = 655.83) steps/day among subjects was observed. Although independent centenarians (n = 15) presented higher average number of steps/day (813.53, SD = 715.97) compared to dependent ones (n = 8) (318.15, SD = 378, 98), no statistically significant difference was observed (U = 33.000, p = 0.087). Conclusions: the level of physical activity of dependent and independent centenarians did not differ statistically. Nevertheless, descriptive analysis shows that the number of steps was higher in independent centenarians, suggesting that they may have a more active lifestyle.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o nível de atividade física com a capacidade funcional de centenários do município de Florianópolis, Brasil. Utilizou-se o pedômetro para a mensurar o nível de atividade física e a Escala de Katz para a capacidade funcional. Participaram 23 idosos (101,7 ± 2,0 anos). Verificou-se a média de 641,23 (DP=655,83) passos/dia entre os idosos. Apesar de os idosos independentes (n=15) terem apresentado maior média de número de passos/dia (813,53; DP=715,97) em relação aos idosos dependentes (n=8) (318,15; DP=378,98), não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (U= 33,000; p= 0,087). Conclui-se que o nível de atividade física de centenários dependentes e independentes não diferem estatisticamente. Apesar disso, a análise descritiva mostra que o número de passos foi maior nos centenários independentes, sugerindo que os mesmos podem ter um estilo de vida mais ativo.

The opportunity to remember William Richard Gowers (1845-1915) and his concept of abiotrophy, now best understood and called apoptosis or programmed cell death / A oportunidade de rememorar William Richard Gowers (1845-1915) e seu conceito de abiotrofia, agora melhor compreendido e denominado apoptose ou morte celular programada

William Richard Gowers (1845-1915) was one of the most prolific and insightful neurologists of all times. He gave major contributions to the development of the medicine through the presentation of signs, syndromes, new concepts and many publications, mainly based on his thorough examination of his patients at the National Hospital, London. In this paper, they were enrolled several Gowers' contribu-tions, besides, it is discussed his concept of abiotrophy. Gowers at his time already recognized what is now most deeply understood  and called programmed cell death or apoptosis that occurs normally du-ring the development or aging, but also under a range of stimuli and conditions, physiological or pathological, on the dependence of a cell selective vulnerability.

William Richard Gowers (1845-1915) foi um dos mais prolíficos e perspicazes neurologistas de todos os tempos. Ele deu grandes contribuições para o desenvolvimento da medicina, por meio da apresentação de sinais, síndromes, novos conceitos e muitas publicações, principalmente com base em sua análise aprofundada de seus pacientes no National Hospital, em Londres. Neste trabalho, foram registradas várias contribuições, além disso, discute-se o seu conceito de abiotrofia. Gowers, na sua época, já reconheceu o que agora é mais profundamente compreendido e denominado de morte celular programada ou apoptose, que ocorre normalmente durante o desenvolvimento ou envelhecimento, mas também sob uma gama de estímulos e condições, fisiológicas ou patológicas, na dependência de uma vulnerabilidade seletiva de células.

Programa de crecimiento y desarrollo del servicio de cirugía cardiovascular del Hospital Provincial del Centenario: primeras 100 intervenciones / Cardiovascular surgery development program at Hospital Provincial del Centenario

Introducción: La cirugía cardiovascular es un procedimiento ampliamente utilizado y de alto costo, cuyo volumen y complejidaden el Hospital Centenario de Rosario, único efector provincial con servicio de cirugía cardiovascular propio, históricamentefue escaso.Objetivo: Mostrar la etapa inicial de implementación de un programa de crecimiento y desarrollo del servicio mencionado.Pacientes y métodos: Se incluyeron todos los pacientes a quienes se les realizó una cirugía cardíaca en el Hospital Centenariode Rosario desde el 10/05/2011 al 20/08/2013. No se intervinieron pacientes mayores de 80 años con deterioro severo de lafunción sistólica ventricular, ni quienes necesitaran cirugía de emergencia.Resultados: Se realizó cirugía de revascularización miocárdica (CRM) en 68/100 (68%) de los pacientes, cirugía valvular en17/100 (17%), cirugía combinada o compleja en 9/100 (9%) y cirugía de cardiopatías congénitas del adulto en 6/100 (6%).Se presentaron complicaciones mayores en 67/100 (67%) pacientes del grupo total y en 44/68 (65%) de los pacientes conCRM, mientras que la mortalidad observada en esos grupos fue 6/100 (6%) y 2/68 (2,9%), respectivamente.Conclusiones: La implementación del programa mencionado permitió realizar un mayor número y variedad de intervencionescon resultados aceptables en un hospital público y gratuito de nuestro medio.

Background: Cardiovascular surgery is a widely used and expensive procedure. The volume and complexity of this type of surgeryhas always been low at Hospital Centenario of Rosario, which is the only hospital in the Province of Santa Fe that has its owncardiovascular service.Aim: To show the initial stage of implementation of the cardiovascular service development program.Patients and Methods: All patients undergoing cardiac surgery at Hospital Centenario of Rosario between October 5th, 2011 andAugust 20th, 2013 were included. Patients older than 80 years with severe ventricular dysfunction, and patients who needed emergencysurgery, were not operated on.Results: Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) was performed in 68/100 (68%) patients, isolated valvular surgery in 17/100 (17%)patients, combined CABG and valve surgery in 9/100 (9%) patients, and surgery for adult congenital heart diseases in 6/100 (6%)patients. Of the whole group, major complications happened in 67/100 (67%) patients, and in 44/68 (65%) patients with CABG.The mortality in these groups was 6/100 (6%) and 2/68 (2.9%), respectively.Conclusions: The implementation of a cardiac surgery development program allowed a greater number and variety of surgeries, withacceptable results in a regional free access hospital.

História, nação e raça no contexto da Exposição do Centenário em 1922 / History, nation and race in the context of the Centennial Exhibition of 1922

Tem como tema os debates públicos e acadêmicos sobre a história do Brasil que ocorreram no contexto da Exposição do Centenário, em 1922, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Pretende-se destacar a maneira como certos conceitos sobre ‘nação’ e ‘raça’ foram debatidos em conferências acadêmicas sobre história, antropologia e arqueologia, como foram conectados à história nacional e como se tornaram, finalmente, parte da autoimagem nacional. Além disso, o artigo indaga como e por quem esses ideais foram contestados.

The subjects addressed in this article are the public and academic debates about the history of Brazil that took place in the context of the Centennial Exhibition held in 1922 in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The aim is to highlight how certain concepts of nation and race were debated in academic discussions about history, anthropology and archaeology, how they were related to the nation’s history, and how they ultimately became a part of the nation’s self-image. Furthermore, the article investigates how and by whom these ideals were contested.

El profesor Francisco Lancís Sánchez, en el centenario de su nacimiento / Pofessor Francisco Lancís Suárez: one hundredth anniversary of his birth

Se realizó un esbozo de los hechos más significativos de la vida profesional y académica del Profesor Francisco Lancís Sánchez, destacado médico, científico y maestro con el objetivo no sólo de rendir tributo a su memoria en el centenario de su natalicio, sino para propiciar la reflexión entre los jóvenes profesionales y estudiantes de las ciencias médicas acerca del valor de esta figura paradigmática en la formación de varias generaciones de médicos, entre quienes se encuentra el propio autor de este acto de agradecimiento a sus enseñanzas.

An outline of the most significant events in the professional and academaic life of Professor Francisco Lancis Sánchez, an outstanding physician, scientist and teacher, was presented to pay tribute to his memory on the 100th anniversary of his birth and at the same time, to encourage young professionals and students to reflect on the importance of this paradigmatic personality for the formation of several generations of physicians, among them, the author of this article as a token of gratitude for his teaching.